Antibacterial Activity of Emulgel Containing Japanese Papaya Leaf (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) Extract Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Propionibacterium Acnes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30994/sjp.v8i2.310Keywords:
emulgel, Japanese papaya leaf, antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnesAbstract
Acne is a common skin disorder associated with the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Excessive use of antibiotics may increase the risk of resistance, highlighting the need to develop antibacterial agents from natural sources. Japanese papaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaves have been reported to contain secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Japanese papaya leaf extract emulgel against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes and to determine the extract concentration that exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. An experimental in vitro study was conducted using the well diffusion method, with extraction performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. The emulgel was formulated at three extract concentrations, namely 10%, 15%, and 20%, with clindamycin as the positive control and emulgel base as the negative control. Physical evaluation showed that Formula 3 (20%) was less homogeneous due to the presence of a small amount of particles, while several preparations exhibited spreadability below the 5–7 cm range. The pH values of Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3, and the positive control were within the range of 4.5–8.0, whereas the negative control had a pH of 4.42. Formula 3 produced the largest inhibition zones against Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.13 ± 0.96 mm) and Propionibacterium acnes (9.45 ± 0.40 mm). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in antibacterial activity among the analyzed groups (p < 0.001).
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